1. Cathay Williams was the one and only female Buffalo Soldier, posing as a man named William Cathay to enlist in the 38th infantry in 1866. She served for two years before a doctor discovered that she was a woman, leading to her discharge.
2. Both Condoleezza Rice and Martin Luther King, Jr. started college when they were just 15 years old. She studied political science at the University of Denver; he majored in sociology at Morehouse College in Atlanta.
3. Journalist Ida Wells-Barnett refused to give up her railcar seat for a white man in 1884, and bit a white conductor on the hand when he tried to force her. She was dragged off the train. She sued the railroad and initially won, but the decision was overturned.
4. In 2008, Jamaican sprinter Usain Bolt became the first man to ever set three world records in a single Olympic games. In 1960, Wilma Rudolph became the first US woman to win 3 gold medals at a single Olympic games.
5. The media made the Black Panthers notorious for their Afros, dark apparel, and willingness for armed self-defense, but their manifesto for change launched programs that benefited Black communities nationwide, like free dental care, breakfast for low-income children, even drama classes.
6. Lincoln University in Pennsylvania is the first institution of higher education founded for African-Americans. It paved the way for the 104 other historically Black colleges, which have produced distinguished alums like Thurgood Marshall, Spike Lee, Langston Hughes, and the Oprah Winfrey.
7. Black Americans were ingenious and creative in their plans to escape enslavement. In 1848, husband-and-wife team William and Ellen Craft made it to the North, and eventually England, when she dressed as a white man and he posed as one of her slaves. A year later, Henry “Box” Brown literally mailed himself to freedom in a shipping box during a 27-hour trip from Richmond to Philadelphia.
8. Liberia was founded and colonized by expatriates in 1822. The West African country is one of two sovereign states in the world started as a colony for ex-slaves and marginalized Black people. Sierra Leone is the other.
9. Jesse Jackson negotiated the release of Lt. Robert O. Goodman, Jr., a Black pilot who had been shot down over Syria and taken hostage in 1983. Of course, the white press minimized this feat in the media.
10. Before he was a blockbuster actor, Will Smith was The Fresh Prince, along with partner Jazzy Jeff, won the first-ever Grammy for Best Rap Performance in 1989. They boycotted the awards because the category was barred from television.
11. The hair brush, lawn mower, cellphone, refrigerator, and — the air conditioner were all the results of African-American inventors’ creative labor.
12. Baseball legend Jackie Robinson had an older brother, Matthew Robinson, who was also a star athlete in his own right. He won a silver medal in the 200-yard dash in the 1936 Olympics — coming in second to Jesse Owens.
13. Shirley Chisholm was the first Black woman elected to Congress, and she was the first Black (man or woman) to be a major party presidential candidate. She also survived three assassination attempts during her 1972 campaign.
14. In 1887, Eatonville, Florida, the childhood home of writer and cultural anthropologist Zora Neale Hurston, became the first town in the country to be incorporated (the first self-governing all-black municipality) in the United States).
15. in 1948, multitalented actor, singer, and civil rights activist Paul Robeson was considered for the U.S. vice presidential spot on Henry A. Wallace’s Progressive Party ticket.
16. The King of Pop, Michael Jackson, set several Guinness World Records, including highest annual earnings for a pop star, best-selling album of all time (Thriller), and most Grammy Awards won in a year (8). Incidentally, Beyonce holds The Grammy Awards record for females— she took home six in 2010.
17. Tice Davids, a runaway slave from Kentucky, was the inspiration for the first usage of the term “Underground Railroad.” In 1831, Davids reportedly escaped from his owner in Kentucky, and had to swim across the Ohio River to get to the free state of Ohio. His owner chased him to the edge of the river and almost caught him, but Davids jumped into the river and swam to the Ohio shore at the town of Ripley. His former owner did not find Davids and assumed he had drowned. The slave owner reportedly told the local paper if Davids had escaped, he must have traveled on “an underground railroad.” (Davids made it to freedom, by the way).
18. In 1739, the Stono Rebellion in South Carolina became the largest slave revolt in colonial America — some of the men who participated had been soldiers in Africa before being sold into slavery.
19. Uncle Tom’s Cabin is a real place, so to speak. The home of Josiah Henson, whose life is generally believed to have been an inspiration for the novel, has been restored and added to the National Register of Historic Places in North Bethesda, Maryland.
20. Maya Angelou stopped celebrating her birthday for many years following the assassination of her friend, Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr., on the same day. She annually sent flowers to Mrs. King to commemorate that day.
21. At age 42, Satchel Paige became the oldest rookie to play Major League Baseball and continued to play until he was 47.
22. In 1967, Robert H. Lawrence, Jr. became the first African-American to be trained as an astronaut. He unfortunately died in a plane crash during flight training before he could be sent on his first space mission. Sixteen years later, Guion “Guy” Bluford carried on Lawrence’s legacy by becoming the first Black man in space.
23. Langston Hughes’ father discouraged him from being a writer and only agreed to pay for his college education if he studied engineering.
24. Famous Black Architect, Paul Williams mastered the art of drawing upside down so that he could sit across from — not next to — white clients who didn’t want to sit side-by-side with a Black person.
25. Barack Obama has a lot of firsts, but he’s also a Grammy award winner. His audio books, Dreams from My Father and The Audacity of Hope, won Best Spoken Word Album in 2008.
26. Athletes John Carlos and Tommie Smith made history — and headlines — when they raised their black-gloved fists on the awards stand at the 1968 Olympics. Both also wore Black socks and no shoes on the podium, representing Black poverty in America.
27. After retiring from baseball, Jackie Robinson helped establish the African-American owned and controlled Freedom Bank.
28. Being mischievous was Thurgood Marshall’s gateway to the law. For punishment, he was forced to copy the Constitution. It eventually piqued his interest.
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